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The recent increase in popularity of high-fidelity headphones and lossless audio formats has caused many manufacturers of personal electronics to add high-quality audio outputs to their devices. As a result, 24-bit/192-kHz audio digital-to-analog converters (DACs), once reserved for home highfidelity systems, are now being incorporated into mobile devices such as cell phones, tablets, and portable music players. These DACs deliver extremely low-distortion signals, but are unable to drive headphones directly. To take full advantage of these high-performance parts, a well-designed headphone amplifier must also be added to the system.
In-rush current is the initial current that flows to the converter’s input de-coupling capacitor(s) when the host board assembly is connected to an active input power source. The magnitude of the in-rush current is high and can induce arcing, transients, and erosion of the connector. Limiting the in-rush current allows the host board assembly to be safely plugged into a live system backplane connector, such as those powered from a -48V central office power supply.